Bare Modules

Module support for JavaScript.

npm i bare-module

Usage

const Module = require('bare-module')

External Modules for Bare

Bare provides no standard library beyond the core JavaScript API available through the Bare namespace. Instead, we maintain a comprehensive collection of external modules built specifically for Bare.

Module	Description	Version
bare-abort	Cause abnormal program termination and generate a crash report
bare-assert	Assertion library for JavaScript
bare-atomics	Native synchronization primitives for JavaScript
bare-buffer	Native buffers for JavaScript
bare-bundle	Application bundle format for JavaScript, inspired by https://github.com/electron/asar
bare-channel	Inter-thread messaging for JavaScript
bare-console	WHATWG debugging console for JavaScript
bare-crypto	Cryptographic primitives for JavaScript
bare-dgram	Native UDP for JavaScript
bare-dns	Domain name resolution for JavaScript
bare-env	Environment variable support for JavaScript
bare-events	Event emitters for JavaScript
bare-fetch	WHATWG Fetch implementation for Bare
bare-format	String formatting for JavaScript
bare-fs	Native file system for JavaScript
bare-hrtime	High-resolution timers for JavaScript
bare-http1	HTTP/1 library for JavaScript
bare-https	HTTPS library for JavaScript
bare-inspect	Inspect objects as strings for debugging
bare-inspector	V8 inspector support for Bare
bare-ipc	Lightweight pipe-based IPC for Bare
bare-module	Module support for JavaScript
bare-net	TCP and IPC servers and clients for JavaScript
bare-os	Operating system utilities for JavaScript
bare-path	Path manipulation library for JavaScript
bare-pipe	Native I/O pipes for JavaScript
bare-process	Node.js-compatible process control for Bare
bare-querystring	URL query string utilities
bare-readline	Line editing for interactive CLIs with command history
bare-realm	Realm support for Bare
bare-repl	Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop environment for JavaScript
bare-rpc	https://github.com/holepunchto/librpc ABI compatible RPC for Bare
bare-semver	Minimal semantic versioning library for Bare
bare-signals	Native signal handling for JavaScript
bare-stream	Streaming data for JavaScript
bare-structured-clone	Structured cloning algorithm for JavaScript
bare-subprocess	Native process spawning for JavaScript
bare-tcp	Native TCP sockets for JavaScript
bare-timers	Native timers for JavaScript
bare-tls	Transport Layer Security (TLS) streams for JavaScript
bare-tty	Native TTY streams for JavaScript
bare-type	Cross-realm type predicates for Bare
bare-url	WHATWG URL implementation for JavaScript
bare-vm	Isolated JavaScript contexts for Bare
bare-worker	Higher-level worker threads for JavaScript
bare-ws	WebSocket library for JavaScript
bare-zlib	Stream-based zlib bindings for JavaScript

Packages

A package is a directory with a package.json file.

Fields

"name"

{
  "name": "my-package"
}

The name of the package. This is used for addon resolution, self-referencing, and importing packages by name.

"version"

{
  "version": "1.2.3"
}

The current version of the package. This is used for addon resolution.

"type"

{
  "type": "module"
}

The module format used for .js files. If not defined, .js files are interpreted as CommonJS. If set to "module", .js files are instead interpreted as ES modules.

"exports"

{
  "exports": {
    ".": "./index.js"
  }
}

The entry points of the package. If defined, only the modules explicitly exported by the package may be imported when importing the package by name.

Subpath exports

A package may define more than one entry point by declaring several subpaths with the main export being ".":

{
  "exports": {
    ".": "./index.js",
    "./submodule": "./lib/submodule.js"
  }
}

When importing the package by name, require('my-package') will resolve to <modules>/my-package/index.js whereas require('my-package/submodule') will resolve to <modules>/my-package/lib/submodule.js.

Conditional exports

Conditional exports allow packages to provide different exports for different conditions, such as the loading method the importing module uses (e.g. require() vs import):

{
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "import": "./index.mjs",
      "require": "./index.cjs"
    }
  }
}

When importing the package by name, require('my-package') will resolve to <modules>/my-package/index.cjs whereas import 'my-package' will resolve to <modules>/my-package/index.mjs.

Similarly, conditional exports can be used to provide different entry points for different runtimes:

{
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "bare": "./bare.js",
      "node": "./node.js"
    }
  }
}

To provide a fallback for when no other conditions match, the "default" condition can be declared:

{
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "bare": "./bare.js",
      "node": "./node.js",
      "default": "./fallback.js"
    }
  }
}

The following conditions are supported, listed in order from most specific to least specific as conditions should be defined:

Condition	Description
"import"	Matches when the package is loaded via import or import().
"require"	Matches when the package is loaded via require().
"asset"	Matches when the package is loaded via require.asset().
"addon"	Matches when the package is loaded via require.addon().
"bare"	Matches for any Bare environment.
"node"	Matches for any Node.js environment.
"<platform>"	Matches when equal to Bare.platform. See Bare.platform for possible values.
"<arch>"	Matches when equal to Bare.arch. See Bare.arch for possible values.
"simulator"	Matches when Bare was compiled for a simulator, i.e. when Bare.simulator is true.
"default"	The fallback that always matches. This condition should always be last.

Export conditions are evaluated in the order they are defined in the "exports" field. This means that less specific conditionals defined first will override more specific conditions define later. For example, the following will always call ./fallback.js because "default" always matches and is defined first.

{
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "default": "./fallback.js",
      "bare": "./bare.js"
    }
  }
}

This is why the general rule is that conditions should be from most specific to least specific when defined.

Self-referencing

Within a package, exports defined in the "exports" field can be referenced by importing the package by name. For example, given the following package.json...

{
  "name": "my-package",
  "exports": {
    ".": "./index.js",
    "./submodule": "./lib/submodule.js"
  }
}

...any module within my-package may reference these entry points using either require('my-package') or require('my-package/submodule').

Exports sugar

If a package defines only a single export, ".", it may leave out the subpath entirely:

{
  "exports": "./index.js"
}

"imports"

A private mapping for import specifiers within the package itself. Similar to "exports", the "imports" field can be used to conditional import other packages within the package. But unlike "exports", "imports" permits mapping to external packages.

The rules are otherwise analogous to the "exports" field.

Subpath imports

Just like exports, subpaths can be used when importing a module internally.

{
  "imports": {
    ".": "./index.js",
    "./submodule": "./lib/submodule.js"
  }
}

Conditional imports

Adding conditional imports allows importing different packages based on the configured conditions. As an example:

{
  "imports": {
    "bar": {
      "require": "./baz.cjs",
      "import": "./baz.mjs"
    }
  }
}

When importing the package bar as require('bar') will resolve to ./baz.cjs, but when importing with import('bar') will resolve to ./baz.mjs.

To provide a fallback for when no other conditions are met, the "default" condition can be configured like so:

{
  "imports": {
    "bar": {
      "require": "./baz.cjs",
      "asset": "./baz.txt",
      "default": "./baz.mjs"
    }
  }
}

The following conditions are supported, listed in order from most specific to least specific as conditions should be defined:

Condition	Description
"import"	Matches when the package is loaded via import or import().
"require"	Matches when the package is loaded via require().
"asset"	Matches when the package is loaded via require.asset().
"addon"	Matches when the package is loaded via require.addon().
"bare"	Matches for any Bare environment.
"node"	Matches for any Node.js environment.
"<platform>"	Matches when equal to Bare.platform. See Bare.platform for possible values.
"<arch>"	Matches when equal to Bare.arch. See Bare.arch for possible values.
"simulator"	Matches when Bare was compiled for a simulator, ie when Bare.simulator is true.
"default"	The fallback that always matches. This condition should always be last.

The general rule is that conditions should be from most specific to least specific when defined.

# Prefix

All import maps are private to the package and allow mapping to external packages. Entries in "imports" may start with # to disambiguate from external packages, but it is not required unlike in Node.js.

"engines"

{
  "engines": {
    "bare": ">=1.0.5"
  }
}

The "engines" field defines the engine requirements of the package. During module resolution, the versions declared by Bare.versions will be tested against the requirements declared by the package and resolution fail if they're not satisfied.

API

Module.constants.states

The flags for the current state of a module.

Constant	Description
EVALUATED	The module has been evaluated.
SYNTHESIZED	The module named exports have been detected.
DESTROYED	The module has been unloaded.

Module.constants.types

Constant	Description
SCRIPT	The module is a CommonJS module.
MODULE	The module is a ECMAScript module.
JSON	The module is a JSON file.
BUNDLE	The module is a bare-bundle.
ADDON	The module is a native addon.
BINARY	The module is a binary file.
TEXT	The module is a text file.

Module.protocol

The default ModuleProtocol class for resolving, reading and loading modules. See Protocols for usage.

Module.cache

The global cache of loaded modules.

const url = Module.resolve(specifier, parentURL[, options])

Resolve the module specifier relative to the parentURL. specifier is a string and parentURL is a WHATWG URL.

Options include:

options = {
  // Whether the module is called via `import` or `import()`.
  isImport: false,
  // The referring module.
  referrer: null,
  // The type of the module. See Module.constants.types for possible values. The
  // default is the equivalent constant of the `attributes`'s `type` property.
  type,
  // A list of file extensions to look for. The default is based on the `type`
  // option.
  extensions: [],
  // The ModuleProtocol to resolve the specifier. Defaults to referrer's
  // protocol if defined, otherwise defaults to Module.protocol
  protocol,
  // A default "imports" map to apply to all specifiers. Follows the same
  // syntax and rules as the "imports" property defined in `package.json`.
  imports,
  // A map of preresolved imports with keys being serialized parent URLs and
  // values being "imports" maps.
  resolutions,
  // A map of builtin module specifiers to loaded modules. If matched by the
  // default resolver, the protocol of the resolved URL will be `builtin:`.
  builtins,
  // The supported import conditions. "default" is always recognized.
  conditions: [],
  // The import attributes, e.g. the `{ type: "json" }` in:
  // `import foo from 'foo' with { type: "json" }`
  // or in:
  // `require('foo', { with: { type: "json" } })`
  attributes
}

const module = Module.load(url[, source][, options])

Load a module with the provided url. url is a WHATWG URL. If provided, the source will be passed to the matching extension for the url.

Options include:

options = {
  // Whether the module is called via `import` or `import()`.
  isImport: false,
  // Whether the module is called via `import()`.
  isDynamicImport: false,
  // The referring module.
  referrer: null,
  // The type of the module. See Module.constants.types for possible values. The
  // default is the equivalent constant of the `attributes`'s `type` property.
  type,
  // The assumed type of a module without a type using an ambiguous extension
  // such as `.js`. See Module.constants.types. Inherited from `referrer` if it
  // is defined.
  defaultType: Module.constants.types.SCRIPT,
  // Cache to use to load the Module. Defaults to `Module.cache`.
  cache,
  // The module representing the entry script where the program was launched.
  main,
  // The ModuleProtocol to use resolve the specifier. Defaults to referrer's
  // `protocol` if defined, otherwise defaults to `Module.protocol`.
  protocol,
  // A default "imports" map to apply to all specifiers. Follows the same
  // syntax and rules as the "imports" property defined in `package.json`.
  imports,
  // A map of preresolved imports with keys being serialized parent URLs and
  // values being "imports" maps.
  resolutions,
  // A map of builtin module specifiers to loaded modules. If the `url`'s
  // protocol is `builtin:`, the module's exports will be set to the matching
  // value in the map for `url.pathname`.
  builtins,
  // The supported import conditions. "default" is always recognized.
  conditions,
  // The import attributes, e.g. the `{ type: "json" }` in:
  // `import foo from 'foo' with { type: "json" }`
  // or in:
  // `require('foo', { with: { type: "json" } })`
  attributes
}

const url = Module.asset(specifier, parentURL[, options])

Get the asset URL by resolving specifier relative to parentURL. specifier is a string and parentURL is a WHATWG URL.

Options include:

options = {
  // The referring module.
  referrer: null,
  // The ModuleProtocol to use resolve the specifier. Defaults to referrer's
  // protocol if defined, otherwise defaults to Module.protocol
  protocol,
  // A default "imports" map to apply to all specifiers. Follows the same
  // syntax and rules as the "imports" property defined in `package.json`.
  imports,
  // A map of preresolved imports with keys being serialized parent URLs and
  // values being "imports" maps.
  resolutions,
  // The supported import conditions. "default" is always recognized.
  conditions
}

module.url

The WHATWG URL instance for the module.

module.filename

The pathname of the module.url.

module.dirname

The directory name of the module.

module.type

The type of the module. See Module.constants.types for possible values.

module.defaultType

The assumed type of a module without a type using an ambiguous extension, such as .js. See Module.constants.types for possible values.

module.cache

A cache of loaded modules for this module. Defaults to Module.cache.

module.main

The module representing the entry script where the program was launched.

module.exports

The exports from the module.

module.imports

The import map when the module was loaded.

module.resolutions

A map of preresolved imports with keys being serialized parent URLs and values being "imports" maps.

module.builtins

A map of builtin module specifiers mapped to the loaded module.

module.conditions

An array of conditions used to resolve dependencies while loading the module. See Conditional Exports for possible values.

module.protocol

The ModuleProtocol class used for resolving, reading and loading modules. See Protocols.

module.destroy()

Unloads the module.

CommonJS modules

require(specifier[, options])

Used to import JavaScript or JSON modules and local files. Relative paths such as ./, ./foo, ./bar/baz, and ../foo will be resolved against the directory named by __dirname. POSIX style paths are resolved in an OS independent fashion, meaning that the examples above will work on Windows in the same way they would on POSIX systems.

Returns the exported module contents.

Options include:

options = {
  // The import attributes which instruct how the file or module should be loaded.
  // Possible values for `type` are `script`, `module`, `json`, `bundle`,
  // `addon`, `binary` and `text`.
  with: { type: 'json' }
}

require.main

The module representing the entry script where the program was launched. The same value as module.main for the current module.

require.cache

A cache of loaded modules for this module. The same value as module.cache for the current module.

const path = require.resolve(specifier[, parentURL])

Use the internal machinery of require() to resolve the specifier string relative to the URL parentURL and return the path string.

require.addon([specifier][, parentURL])

Also used to import modules but specifically loads only addon modules. specifier is resolved relative to parentURL using the addon resolution algorithm.

Returns the exported module contents.

A common pattern for writing an addon module is to use require.addon() as the JavaScript module exports:

module.exports = require.addon()

See bare-addon for a template of building native addon modules.

require.addon.host

Returns the string representation of the platform and architecture used when resolving addons with the pattern <platform>-<arch>[-simulator]. Returns the same value as Bare.Addon.host.

const path = require.addon.resolve([specifier][, parentURL])

Resolve the specifier string relative to the URL parentURL as an addon and returns the path string. The specifier is resolved using the addon resolution algorithm.

const path = require.asset(specifier[, parentURL])

Resolve the specifier relative to the parentURL and return the path of the asset as a string.

Can be used to load assets, for example the following loads ./foo.txt from the local files:

const fs = require('bare-fs')
const contents = fs.readFileSync(require.asset('./foo.txt'))

ECMAScript modules

import defaultExport, * as name, { export1, export2 as alias2, ... } from 'specifier' with { type: 'json' }

The static import declaration is used to import read-only live bindings that are exported by another module. The imported bindings are called live bindings because they are updated by the module that exported the binding, but cannot be re-assigned by the importing module. In brief, you can import what is exported from another module.

For more information on import syntax, see MDN.

import.meta.url

The string representation of the URL for the current module.

import.meta.main

A boolean representing whether the current module is the entry script where the program was launched.

import.meta.cache

A cache of loaded modules for this module. The same value as module.cache for the current module.

const href = import.meta.resolve(specifier[, parentURL])

A module-relative resolution function which returns the URL string for the module. The specifier is a string which is resolved relative to the parentURL which is a WHATWG URL.

import.meta.addon([specifier][, parentURL])

Also used to import modules but specifically loads only addon modules. specifier is resolved relative to parentURL using the addon resolution algorithm.

Returns the exported module contents.

import.meta.addon.host

Returns the string representation of the platform and architecture used when resolving addons with the pattern <platform>-<arch>[-simulator]. Returns the same value as Bare.Addon.host.

const href = import.meta.addon.resolve([specifier][, parentURL])

Resolve the specifier string relative to the URL parentURL as an addon and returns the URL string. The specifier is resolved using the addon resolution algorithm.

const href = import.meta.asset(specifier[, parentURL])

Resolve the specifier relative to the parentURL and return the URL of the asset as a string.

Custom require()

Creating a custom require allows one to create a preconfigured require(). This can be useful in scenarios such as a Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop (REPL) where the parent URL is set to a directory so requiring relative paths to work correctly.

const require = Module.createRequire(parentURL[, options])

Options include:

options = {
  // The module to become the `referrer` for the returned `require()`. Defaults
  // to creating a new module instance from the `parentURL` with the same
  // options.
  module: null,
  // The referring module.
  referrer: null,
  // The type of the module. See Module.constants.types for possible values.
  type: Module.constants.types.SCRIPT,
  // The assumed type of a module without a type using an ambiguous extension
  // such as `.js`. See Module.constants.types. Inherited from `referrer` if it
  // is defined, otherwise defaults to SCRIPT.
  defaultType: Module.constants.types.SCRIPT,
  // A cache of loaded modules. Inherited from `referrer` if it is defined,
  // otherwise defaults to `Module.cache`
  cache,
  // The module representing the entry script where the program was launched.
  main,
  // The ModuleProtocol to use resolve the specifier and/or the module. Defaults to
  // referrer's protocol if defined, otherwise defaults to Module.protocol
  protocol,
  // A default "imports" map to apply to all specifiers. Follows the same
  // syntax and rules as the "imports" property defined in `package.json`.
  imports,
  // A map of preresolved imports with keys being serialized parent URLs and
  // values being "imports" maps.
  resolutions,
  // A map of builtin module specifiers to loaded modules.
  builtins,
  // The supported import conditions. "default" is always recognized.
  conditions
}

Protocols

Protocols define how to resolve, access and load modules. Custom protocols can be defined to extend or replace how module are resolved and loaded to support things like loading modules via a Hyperdrive.

const protocol = new Module.Protocol(methods, context = null)

Methods include:

methods = {
  // function (specifier, parentURL): string
  // A function to preprocess the `specifier` and `parentURL` before the resolve
  // algorithm is called.
  preresolve,
  // function (url): string
  // A function to process the resolved URL. Can be used to convert file paths,
  // etc.
  postresolve,
  // function* (specifier, parentURL, imports): [URL]
  // A generator to resolve the `specifier` to a URL.
  resolve,
  // function (url): boolean
  // A function that returns whether the URL exists as a boolean.
  exists,
  // function (url): string | Buffer
  // A function that returns the source code of a URL represented as a string or
  // buffer.
  read,
  // function (url): object
  // A function that returns the evaluated exports for the url. This is
  // only called for Javascript modules (extensions `.js`, `.cjs` & `.mjs`)
  // by default. If defined, this function will skip calling `read()` and
  // evaluating the source method for the default implementations of the
  // Javascript extensions.
  load,
  // function (url): URL
  // A function used to post process URLs for addons before `postresolve()`.
  addon,
  // function (url): URL
  // A function used to post process URLs for assets before `postresolve()`.
  asset
}

Bundles

const bundle = new Module.Bundle()

See https://github.com/holepunchto/bare-bundle.